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Chemistry: Acids and Bases

An acid is a solution that has an excess of hydrogen(H+) ions. A base is a solution that has an excess of hydroxide(OH-) ions. Another word for base is alkali. The strength of an acid or base can be either strong or weak.

* An acid that has a very low pH (0-4) are known as Strong acids.
* A base that has a very high pH (10-14) are known as Strong bases.
* An acid that only partially ionizes in an aqueous solution are known as Weak acids.
* A base that only partially ionizes in an aqueous solution are known as Weak bases.

Chemistry: Acids and Bases

  • Acid/base Type Formula
    Acetic acid Weak acid CH3COOH
    Formic acid Weak acid HCOOH
    Hydrofluoric acid Weak acid HF
    Hydrogen sulfide Weak acid H2S
    Nitric acid Strong acid HNO3
    Hydrochloric acid Strong acid HCl
    Hydroiodic acid Strong acid Hl
    Perchloric acid Strong acid HClO4
    Ammonia Weak base NH3
    pyridine Weak base C5H5N
    Ammonium hydroxide Weak base NH4OH
    Lithium hydroxide Strong Base LiOH
    Potassium hydroxide Strong base KOH
    Calcium hydroxide Strong Base Ca(OH)2
    Barium hydroxide Strong Base Ba(OH)2